全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14517篇 |
免费 | 976篇 |
国内免费 | 409篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 9822篇 |
晶体学 | 103篇 |
力学 | 517篇 |
综合类 | 36篇 |
数学 | 2214篇 |
物理学 | 3210篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 125篇 |
2022年 | 137篇 |
2021年 | 237篇 |
2020年 | 311篇 |
2019年 | 299篇 |
2018年 | 279篇 |
2017年 | 214篇 |
2016年 | 420篇 |
2015年 | 434篇 |
2014年 | 498篇 |
2013年 | 854篇 |
2012年 | 922篇 |
2011年 | 985篇 |
2010年 | 665篇 |
2009年 | 619篇 |
2008年 | 847篇 |
2007年 | 800篇 |
2006年 | 774篇 |
2005年 | 677篇 |
2004年 | 603篇 |
2003年 | 550篇 |
2002年 | 486篇 |
2001年 | 283篇 |
2000年 | 286篇 |
1999年 | 248篇 |
1998年 | 194篇 |
1997年 | 146篇 |
1996年 | 199篇 |
1995年 | 158篇 |
1994年 | 157篇 |
1993年 | 150篇 |
1992年 | 132篇 |
1991年 | 106篇 |
1990年 | 121篇 |
1989年 | 91篇 |
1988年 | 89篇 |
1987年 | 94篇 |
1985年 | 130篇 |
1984年 | 125篇 |
1983年 | 87篇 |
1982年 | 109篇 |
1981年 | 133篇 |
1980年 | 130篇 |
1979年 | 106篇 |
1978年 | 113篇 |
1977年 | 116篇 |
1976年 | 96篇 |
1975年 | 80篇 |
1974年 | 82篇 |
1973年 | 82篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
11.
12.
Ling-Yang Hsu Qiumin Liang Zhiheng Wang Hsin-Hung Kuo Wun-Shan Tai Shi-Jian Su Xiuwen Zhou Yi Yuan Yun Chi 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(67):15375-15386
Iridium complexes bearing chelating cyclometalates are popular choices as dopant emitters in the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this contribution, we report a series of blue-emitting, bis-tridentate IrIII complexes bearing chelates with two fused five-six-membered metallacycles, which are in sharp contrast to the traditional designs of tridentate chelates that form the alternative, fused five-five metallacycles. Five IrIII complexes, Px-21 – 23 , Cz-4 , and Cz-5 , have been synthesized that contain a coordinated dicarbene pincer chelate incorporating a methylene spacer and a dianionic chromophoric chelate possessing either a phenoxy or carbazolyl appendage to tune the coordination arrangement. All these tridentate chelates afford peripheral ligand–metal–ligand bite angles of 166–170°, which are larger than the typical bite angle of 153–155° observed for their five-five-coordinated tridentate counterparts, thereby leading to reduced geometrical distortion in the octahedral frameworks. Photophysical measurements and TD-DFT studies verified the inherent transition characteristics that give rise to high emission efficiency, and photodegradation experiments confirmed the improved stability in comparison with the benchmark fac-[Ir(ppy)3] in degassed toluene at room temperature. Phosphorescent OLED devices were also fabricated, among which the carbazolyl-functionalized emitter Cz-5 exhibited the best performance among all the studied bis-tridentate phosphors, showing a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 18.7 % and CIEx,y coordinates of (0.145, 0.218), with a slightly reduced EQE of 13.7 % at 100 cd m−2 due to efficiency roll-off. 相似文献
13.
Kai Xu Zhenchang Tang Yan Zhang Wanshu Li Haiou Li Lihui Wang Liming Liu Honghang Wang Feng Chi Xiaowen Zhang 《Current Applied Physics》2019,19(10):1076-1081
Germanium dioxide (GeO2) aqueous solutions are facilely prepared and the corresponding anode buffer layers (ABLs) with solution process are demonstrated. Atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that solution-processed GeO2 behaves superior film morphology and enhanced work function. Using GeO2 as ABL of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), the visible device with tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminium as emitter gives maximum luminous efficiency of 6.5 cd/A and power efficiency of 3.5 lm/W, the ultraviolet device with 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole as emitter exhibits short-wavelength emission with peak of 376 nm, full-width at half-maximum of 42 nm, maximum radiance of 3.36 mW/cm2 and external quantum efficiency of 1.5%. The performances are almost comparable to the counterparts with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) as ABL. The current, impedance, phase and capacitance as a function of voltage characteristics elucidate that the GeO2 ABL formed from appropriate concentration of GeO2 aqueous solution favors hole injection enhancement and accordingly promoting device performance. 相似文献
14.
Sensitivity analysis is a mathematical tool, first developed for optimization methods, which aim is to characterize a system response through the variations of its output parameters following modifications imposed on the input parameters of the system. Such an analysis may quickly become laborious when the thermal model under consideration is complex or the number of input parameters is high. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to analyse the heat exchanges in four different types of solar air collectors. When building this thermal model we show that for each collector, at quasi-steady state, the energy balance equations of the components of the collector cascade into a single first-order non-linear differential equation that is able to predict the thermal behaviour of the collector. Our heat transfer model clearly demonstrates the existence of an important dimensionless parameter, referred to as the thermal performance factor of the collector, that compares the useful thermal energy which can be extracted from the heater to the overall thermal losses of that collector for a given set of input parameters. A sensitivity analysis of our thermal model has been performed for the most significant input parameters such as the incident solar irradiation, the inlet fluid temperature, the air mass flow rate, the depth of the fluid channel, the number and nature of the transparent covers in order to measure the impact of each of these parameters on our model. An important result which can be drawn from this study is that the heat transfer model developed is robust enough to be used for thermal design studies of most known flat plate solar air heaters, but also of flat plate solar water collectors and linear solar concentrators. 相似文献
15.
The coordination chemistry of beryllium with particular emphasis on chelates under physiological or near physiological conditions is surveyed. Hard donors such as oxygen are emphasized; equilibrium data and formation constants are reported as an indication of the strength of the complex. 相似文献
16.
Abstract
In this note, we consider a Frémond model of shape memory alloys. Let us imagine a piece of a shape memory alloy which is
fixed on one part of its boundary, and assume that forcing terms, e.g., heat sources and external stress on the remaining
part of its boundary, converge to some time-independent functions, in appropriate senses, as time goes to infinity. Under
the above assumption, we shall discuss the asymptotic stability for the dynamical system from the viewpoint of the global
attractor. More precisely, we generalize the paper [12] dealing with the one-dimensional case. First, we show the existence
of the global attractor for the limiting autonomous dynamical system; then we characterize the asymptotic stability for the
non-autonomous case by the limiting global attractor.
* Project supported by the MIUR-COFIN 2004 research program on “Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Free Boundary Problems”. 相似文献
17.
Michel Weber 《Transactions of the American Mathematical Society》2006,358(2):911-936
We apply a majorizing measure theorem of Talagrand to obtain uniform bounds for sums of random variables satisfying increment conditions of the type considered in Gál-Koksma Theorems. We give some applications.
18.
Stanislav Man 《Tetrahedron letters》2006,47(39):6961-6963
Two different procedures for β-allenyloxime cyclization are described. One leads to substituted 1-hydroxypyrrolidines and the other represents a new route to pyrroline-N-oxides. 相似文献
19.
Michel Hébert 《Archive for Mathematical Logic》1991,31(2):133-143
Summary We give a syntactic characterization of (finitary) theories whose categories of models are closed under the formation of connected limits (respectively the formation of pullbacks and substructures) in the category of all structures. They are also those theories whose consistent extensions by new atomic facts admit in each component an initial structure (respectively an initial term structure), and also thoseT for whichM(T) is locally finitely multi-presentable in a canonical way. We also show that these two properties of theories are nonuniform. 相似文献
20.
The structural evolution in amorphous silicon and germanium thin films has been investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) in conjunction with autocorrelation function (ACF) analysis. The results established that the structure of as-deposited semiconductor films is of a high density of nanocrystallites embedded in the amorphous matrix. In addition, from ACF analysis, the structure of a-Ge is more ordered than that of a-Si. The density of embedded nanocrystallites in amorphous films was found to diminish with annealing temperature first, then to increase. The conclusions also corroborate well with the results of diminished medium-range order in annealed amorphous films determined previously by a variable coherence microscopy method. 相似文献